Damage evolution and recrystallization enhancement of frozen loess

A series of multistage triaxial compression, creep, and stress relaxation tests were conducted on frozen loess at the temperature of -6 degrees C in order to study the damage evolution and recrystallization enhancement of mechanical properties during deformation process. The effect of strain rate, confining pressure, and hydrostatic stress history in the degradation laws of mechanical properties is investigated further. The strain rate has a significant influence on the stress-strain curve which dominates the evolution trend of mechanical properties. The mechanical behaviors (strength, stiffness, and viscosity) of frozen loess all exhibit evident response for the consolidation and pressure melting phenomenon caused by the confining pressure. The multistage loading tests under different hydrostatic stresses are capable of differentiating the development characteristics of mechanical properties during axial loading and hydrostatic compression process, respectively. The testing results indicated that the recrystallization of the ice particle in the frozen soils is an important microscopic factor for enhancement behaviors of mechanical parameters during the deformation process. This strengthening degree of mechanical properties is determined by temperature, duration time, deformation degree, and stress state during the recrystallization process. The phase transformation led by pressure melting and ice recrystallization is a nonnegligible changing pattern of frozen soils microstructure, which has apparent role in the damage evolution of mechanical properties.