The West Haven Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory: Reliability and validity of the Turkish version in individuals with cancer

Purpose: Pain is a complex, multidimensional and subjective phenomenon that is common in patients with cancer. The translation of existing pain measurement scales is considered important in producing internationally comparable measures for evidence based practice. In measuring the pain experience, the WHYMPI is a widely used instrument to measure assessment of clinical pain, and it has not been validated in Turkey. The present study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the West Haven Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Method: In this methodological study, the scale was translated into simplified Turkish by the cross culture translation method, and 520 participants with cancer were assessed. The internal consistency, item analysis, and test-retest methods were used to determine the reliability of the Turkish WHYMPI. Content validity, criterion validity, convergent/divergent validity, and exploratory factor analysis were used to test the construct validity of the Turkish WHYMPI. Results: Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations results suggested that there was good internal reliability. The Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency of the pain experience, responses by significant others, and daily activities were 0.85, 0.60, and 0.83, respectively. The internal consistency coefficient for test-retest reliability of the pain experience, responses by significant others, and daily activities were acceptable: 0.82, 0.66, and 0.81, respectively. Factor loadings were significant, with standardised loadings ranging from 0.40 to 0.92. Conclusions: WHYMPI is reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of pain in patients with cancer in Turkey. Its use is recommended for clinical and research purposes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.