SPH-ASR study of drop impact on a heated surface with consideration of inclined angle and evaporation

This paper studies the problem of drop impact on a heated surface by using a numerical method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics with adaptive spatial resolution (SPH-ASR). The physical model considers the interaction and heat transfer between the liquid drop, solid wall and ambient gas, and the phase change between liquid and gas phases. The phase change process will change the particle mass and resolution. The SPH-ASR method is able to adaptively adjust the spatial resolution according to the distance to the interface between different phases. A series of numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effects of different factors on drop-wall interaction, including the drop diameter, impact velocity, liquid evaporation, wall temperature, and the inclined angle of wall. The comparison of impact regimes shows good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. The characteristics of drop impact on a heated surface were studied, particularly the drop spreading factor and mass evaporation ratio. The numerical results indicate that the maximum spreading factor and the mass evaporation ratio can be predicted as a function of dimensionless numbers.