Prevalence of peri-implant diseases among an Italian population of patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study

Background Over the years, only few authors have studied the association of systemic conditions with peri-implantitis. The aim of this study is to detect frequency and severity of peri-implant diseases among an Italian population of patients affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients with at least one dental implant with >5 years of functional loading were screened to evaluate metabolic, periodontal, and peri-implant status. MetS diagnosis was established in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP III criteria, while case definitions of the 2017 World Workshop were adopted for peri-implant diseases. For each implant, probing depths, mucosal redness, bleeding on probing, suppuration, plaque index, and marginal bone loss were recorded. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the relationship between sex, diagnosis of MetS, presence of periodontitis, smoking, type of prosthesis, and location of implants and peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Results A total of 183 patients were enrolled: in MetS subjects, peri-implantitis was detected in 36.9% (n = 31) of implants, and mucositis in 60.7% (n = 51), with an OR of 10.01(P = 0.005) for mucositis and OR 15.26 (P = 0.001) for peri-implantitis, compared with subjects without MetS, where 26.3% of implants showed peri-implantitis and 55.5% mucositis. No differences were found for smoking, implant location, sex, and type of prosthetic rehabilitation. Patients with periodontitis showed a higher association with peri-implant mucositis (OR = 4.33) and peri-implantitis (OR = 9.00). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, patients affected by MetS showed a greater prevalence of peri-implant diseases, but further studies are needed to confirm the possibility of this new possible risk indicator.