Evaluation in 4D printing-A review

A 4D printing is created by keeping the base of 3D Printing. 3D printing has major advances in the field of engineering, from the time of beginning of the concept, the applications of this field is also extended in very huge scale. The applications are like biomaterials, miniature modeling and various engineering applications. It makes over 3D files into physical items very simply but the produced items are only inactive and not applicable when comes into dynamic use. The 4D printed components can be modified to the required shape based on demand, over the period of time the components are fabricated in controlled dynamical manner based on the shapes. The 4D printed items will have the capacity to change the dimensions over the time and it has well prospective for the biomedical field. In the medical field the customized products can produced easily for bone, ear tissue and muscle construction and unnatural products can be made-up using 4D printing. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Advances in Materials Research-2019.