Effect of different polarity solvents on the anti-inflammatory activity of Symplocos cochinchinensis leaves and correlation with total polyphenol content

Symplocos cochinchinensis leaves known as Vietnamese traditional herbal medicines which have been utilized anciently to support the medication of infirmities. The study aimed to explore the correlation of total polyphenol content (TPC) with anti-inflammatory activity of S. cochinchinensis leaves. S. cochinchinensis leaf extracts (ethanol extract, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous fractions) was determined the TPC by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, anti-inflammatory proficiency by in vitro protein denaturation and membrane lysis assays. The correlation between TPC and anti-inflammatory activities was analyzed in silico by Pearson's method. Results illustrated that the TPC was arranged in sort of descending order as ethyl acetate fraction > n-butanol fraction > ethanol fraction > aqueous fraction > chloroform fraction. S. cochinchinensis leaf extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory effect via their protein denaturation inhibition capacity as well as hemolysis by heat and hypotonicity, which was better than the standard drug diclofenac sodium. There was a significantly negative correlation between TPC in S. cochinchinensis leaf extracts with their IC50 inhibition of protein denaturation, hemolysis by heat and hypotonicity with Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of -0.6302, -0.7241, and -0.9101, respectively. It was suggested that S. cochinchinensis leaves have great potential for anti-inflammatory activity during the high total polyphenol content. Hence, polyphenol compounds of S. cochinchinensis leaves should be considered since they can have good effects when in pure form.