User Experience Evolution of M-Learning Applications

The development of a mobile learning application is associated with many challenges including timely technology, richness of the learning content, pedagogy, usability, and the design of user experience. Users' expectations and requirements on m-learning applications have evolved since the beginning of this millennium. The evolvement is mainly a result of the advancement of mobile technologies, devices, and network services. Users' expectations are based on previous experiences, expertise level, and the context that users have previously worked. The focus of this paper is on mobile learning usability and user experience. We elaborate on m-learning applications' user experience evolution from 2003 to 2016. The results demonstrate that usability needs to be complemented with user experience analysis when developing m-learning applications.