So far, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and mechanical removal of arterial blood clot (thrombectomy) are the only available treatments for acute ischemic stroke. However, the short therapeutic window and the lack of specialized stroke unit care make the overall availability of both treatments limited. Additional agents to combine with tPA administration or thrombectomy to enhance efficacy and improve outcomes associated with stroke are needed. Stroke-induced inflammatory processes are a response to the tissue damage due to the absence of blood supply but have been proposed also as key contributors to all the stages of the ischemic stroke pathophysiology. Despite promising results in experimental studies, inflammation-modulating treatments have not yet been translated successfully into the clinical setting. This review will (a) describe the timing of the stroke immune pathophysiology; (b) detail the immune responses to stroke sift-through cell type; and (c) discuss the pitfalls on the translation from experimental studies to clinical trials testing the therapeutic pertinence of immune modulators.
机构:
Univ Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Greater Manchester Neurosci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, EnglandUniv Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Sobowale, Oluwaseun A.
Parry-Jones, Adrian R.
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Univ Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Greater Manchester Neurosci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, EnglandUniv Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Parry-Jones, Adrian R.
Smith, Craig J.
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Univ Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Greater Manchester Neurosci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, EnglandUniv Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Smith, Craig J.
Tyrrell, Pippa J.
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Univ Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Greater Manchester Neurosci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, EnglandUniv Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Tyrrell, Pippa J.
Rothwell, Nancy J.
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Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, AV Hill Bldg, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, EnglandUniv Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
Rothwell, Nancy J.
Allan, Stuart M.
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Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, AV Hill Bldg, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, EnglandUniv Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Salford, Lancs, England
机构:
Capital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing 100730, Peoples R ChinaCapital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
Cao, Yangyue
Yue, Xuanye
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Tianjin Med Univ Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Tianjin, Peoples R ChinaCapital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
Yue, Xuanye
Jia, Meng
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Capital Med Univ, Beijing Tiantan Hosp, Natl Clin Res Ctr Neurol Dis, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaCapital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
Jia, Meng
Wang, Jiawei
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Capital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing 100730, Peoples R ChinaCapital Med Univ, Beijing Tongren Hosp, Dept Neurol, 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
机构:
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Hematol,Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98104 USAUniv Washington, Sch Med, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Hematol,Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
del Zoppo, Gregory J.
INNATE INFLAMMATION AND STROKE,
2010,
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