The advancement of seismic isolation and energy dissipation mechanisms based on friction

The historical development and practical implementation of structural base isolation systems that work on the principle of friction are discussed in the light of analytical, numerical, and experimental studies carried out by researchers. Various parameters such as sliding velocity, surface temperature, axial pressure, vertical excitation along with near-field and far-field excitations that influence the overall performance of the isolation system have been explored. Merits and demerits of using traditional isolation systems and newly introduced smart and adaptive multiple surface isolators such as double concave and triple friction pendulum system is also discussed. Advantages and problems associated with friction base isolation systems are briefly explained with some future research suggestions, including practical experimental work and numerical simulations to verify the behavior of friction base isolation systems. Design optimization and optimal design utilizing some new and smart materials to achieve adaptive base isolation systems particularly incorporating complex problems, such as pressure, velocity, and temperature dependency along with multi-directional loadings.