Standards-Based Plug & Work for Instruments in Ocean Observing Systems

Ocean observing systems may include a wide variety of sensor and instrument types, each with its own capabilities, communication protocols, and data formats. Connecting disparate devices into a network typically requires specialized software drivers that translate command and data between the protocols of the individual instruments, and that of the platform on which they are installed. In addition, such platforms typically require extensive manual configuration to match the driver software and other operational details of each network port to a specific connected instrument. In this paper, we describe an approach to "plug & work" interoperability, using standardized protocols to greatly reduce the amount of instrument-specific software and manual configuration required for connecting instruments to an observatory system. Our approach has two main components. First, we use the sensor interface descriptor (SID) model, based on the Open Geospatial Consortium's (OGC) SensorML standard, to describe each instrument's protocol and data format, and to provide a generic driver/parser. Second, a new OGC standard known as the programmable underwater connector with knowledge (PUCK) protocol enables storage and retrieval of the SID file from the instrument itself. We demonstrate and evaluate our approach by applying it to three commonly used marine instruments in the OBSEA (Barcelona, Spain) observatory test bed.