Omentin and apelin concentrations in relation to obesity, diabetes mellitus type two, and cardiovascular diseases in Egyptian population

Dysregulation of omentin, a beneficial adipokine, and apelin, an inflammatory adipokine, is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between circulating omentin and apelin concentrations and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease. A total of 240 adults, sex- and age-matched, were included in the current case-control study, including 80 healthy, non-obese controls, 80 obese patients with T2DM without cardiovascular disease, and 80 obese patients with T2DM with cardiovascular disease. A fasting blood sample was collected to determine biochemical indicators and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Omentin, apelin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), troponin-T, and oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) plasma level was assessed by ELISA. Associations of adipokines with biochemical parameters of the patients were determined. Serum omentin levels were significantly lower and serum apelin and IL-1 beta concentrations were significantly higher in obese diabetic groups compared to non-obese controls. In correlation analyses, omentin negatively associated with the HOMA-IR index, apelin, and troponin-T, whereas apelin was positively associated with IL-1 beta, BMI, and troponin-T. Our study supports the hypothesis that abnormal production of omentin and apelin can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications including T2DM and cardiovascular disease.