Multidimensionally Manipulated Active Coding Metasurface by Merging Pancharatnam-Berry Phase and Dynamic Phase

Multidimensionally (amplitude, polarization, and phase) manipulated metasurfaces have drawn more significant advantages in modern photonic applications. In this paper, the active multidimensionally manipulated metasurface merging Pancharatnam-Berry phase and dynamic phase is proposed. The phase and polarization of the coding elements here can be adjusted dynamically by utilizing positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes. More remarkably, the independent feeding of the coding elements in two layers is creatively proposed so that each coding element of the active coding metasurface (ACM) has four basic response states. And the four states can be dynamically switched by regulating the bias voltages imposed on the PIN diodes through field programmable gate array (FPGA). Therefore, the versatile functionalities of the ACM are achieved and all the functionalities can be implemented in real-time. As a proof of concept, three specific functionalities are validated both from the simulation and measurement on a fabricated prototype with good coincidence with each other. The ACM can achieve copolarization, crosspolarization anomalous reflection, and circular-linear polarization conversion for the incident circularly polarized wave. The proposed ACM opens new vistas in active metadevices and has broad application prospects in multifunctional devices and communication systems.