Are the economics of pharmaceutical research and development changing? Productivity, patents and political pressures

被引：54

作者：

Grabowski, H ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA

来源：

PHARMACOECONOMICS | 2004年 / 22卷 / Suppl 2期

关键词：

D O I：

10.2165/00019053-200422002-00003

中图分类号：

F [经济];

学科分类号：

02 ;

摘要：

Pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) competition in the 1980s and 1990s was characterised by rising R&D expenditures, favourable returns to innovators and the introduction of many new classes of drugs with high social benefits. However, in the past 3 years, the number of new drug introductions has been well below the historical trend, while the cost per new drug continues to increase. In addition to lagging R&D productivity, the industry has been characterised by other economic and policy uncertainties. These include a wave of early patent challenges and growing political pressure to contain pharmaceutical expenditures. This paper examines the consequences of these developments.

引用

页码：15 / 24

页数：10

共 23 条

[1] RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS AND RETURNS - US PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY [J].