Effect of the mass of immunoglobulin (Ig)G intake and age at first colostrum feeding on serum IgG concentration in Holstein calves

Forty-four Holstein calves (19 male and 25 female) were used in this study of the relationships among age at first colostrum feeding, IgG intake, and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption. Time of birth was recorded for each calf and the calves were fed colostrum ad libitum after birth at either 0930 or 1630 h. Blood samples were collected immediately before and 24 h after colostrum feeding. Data from calves were then categorized into 4 groups representing time from birth to colostrum feeding: A = fed within 1 h (n = 5); B = fed from 1 to 6 h (n = 10); C = fed from 6 to 12 h (n = 21); and D = fed from 12 to 18 h (n = 8) after birth. Average total intake of colostrum was 3.6 0.1 L. Over 80% of the calves consumed >= 3 L of colostrum. Apparent efficiency of IgG absorption declined remarkably 12 h after birth. Mean apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG in group D (15.8 +/- 3.0%) was lower than that in groups A (30.5 +/- 3.9%) and B (27.4 +/- 2.8%). Serum IgG concentration in calves was positively correlated with IgG intake in all groups. The relationship between mass of IgG consumed and calf serum IgG at 24 h was different for each time of colostrum feeding, with only limited differences observed between groups A and B. We concluded that failure of transfer of passive immunity in newborn calves may be avoided if calves consume >= 3 L of colostrum with IgG concentration >40 mg/mL within 6 h after birth. These findings help define the opportunity to minimize failure of transfer of passive immunity to newborn calves under management programs similar to those used on commercial dairy farms.