Suboptimal adherence to prescribed daily growth hormone regimen among medicaid beneficiaries in the United States

Objective The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to describe the adherence and discontinuation patterns of somatropin over 3 years among children with pGHD insured by Medicaid across the United States. Methods Eligible children were aged >= 3 and <16 years with Medicaid coverage, diagnosed with pGHD, and had >= 2 new prescriptions for somatropin between 1 July 2014 and 31 December 2018. Four non-exclusive patient cohorts were constructed (>= 3, 12, 24, and 36 months of continuous enrollment after initial prescription). Suboptimal adherence was defined as medication possession ratio <0.80, and discontinuation as a gap of >60 days between somatropin fills. Logistic and proportional hazards regression methods were used to estimate odds of suboptimal adherence and time to discontinuation, respectively. Results In the 12-month cohort (n = 3623), mean age was 10.5 +/- 3.2 years, 70.8% were male, 44.4% White, 29.1% Hispanic, 7.1% Black, and 1.7% Asian. At months 12, 24, and 36, the proportion with suboptimal adherence was 40.9, 50.4, 54.4%, respectively, and 49.2% of patients with >= 3 months of follow-up discontinued therapy. At 12 months, lower age and race/ethnicity (Black vs. White referent) had greater odds of suboptimal adherence. Discontinuation was associated with Black (vs. White referent) race and geographic region. Conclusions Sociodemographic characteristics may be risk factors for suboptimal adherence and/or discontinuation of prescribed somatropin therapy. Improving GH regimen adherence among this at-risk population, and specifically among subgroups at highest risk, is warranted to improve clinical outcomes.