Association of Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Acute and chronic cardiovascular issues are on the rise globally. A range of essential treatments is opted to counter the situations. Accurate diagnosis with proper medication can improve the outcomes along with much more survival chances. Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble vitamin that was known to be essential for calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone health in general. Alongside, ever-growing cardiac complications, the increment of Vitamin D deficiency in several populations are also on the rise globally. Changing lifestyles and food habits are mostly responsible for such outcomes. However, the impact of Vitamin D deficiency is far-reaching and not limited to only mineral metabolism and bone health. Literature evidence suggests that Vitamin D deficiency can directly or indirectly induce cardiovascular risk factors and can elevate cardiovascular diseases. Hence, vitamin D deficiency should be considered seriously and treated with the utmost care. Molecular investigations suggested several benefits of Vitamin D in relation to Atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular issues. However, clinical trial outcomes are not satisfactory. In this review, we would like to present certain facts that provide the molecular level research outcomes and their important outcomes and the results related to the clinical study as well. The present situation and dilemma pertaining to the use of Vitamin D in cardiovascular complications suggest further specific extensive research on this subject encompassing assessment of vitamin D level to the clinical outcomes.