The effect of gender on operative autonomy in general surgery residents

被引：112

作者：

Meyerson, Shari L. ^{[1
]}

Odell, David D. ^{[2
]}

Zwischenberger, Joseph B. ^{[1
]}

Schuller, Mary ^{[2
]}

Williams, Reed G. ^{[3
]}

Bohnen, Jordan D. ^{[4
]}

Dunnington, Gary L. ^{[3
]}

Torbeck, Laura ^{[3
]}

Mullen, John T. ^{[4
]}

Mandell, Samuel R. ^{[5
]}

Choti, Michael A. ^{[6
]}

Foley, Eugene ^{[7
]}

Are, Chandrakanth ^{[8
]}

Auyang, Edward ^{[9
]}

Chipman, Jeffrey ^{[10
]}

Choi, Jennifer ^{[3
]}

Meier, Andreas H. ^{[11
]}

Smink, Douglas S. ^{[12
]}

Terhune, Kyla P. ^{[13
]}

Wise, Paul E. ^{[14
]}

Soper, Nathaniel ^{[2
]}

Lillemoe, Keith ^{[4
]}

Fryer, Jonathan P. ^{[2
]}

George, Brian C. ^{[15
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Kentucky, Dept Surg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA

[2] Northwestern Univ, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA

[3] Indiana Univ, Dept Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA

[4] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA

[5] Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[6] Banner MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Gilbert, AZ USA

[7] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Madison, WI USA

[8] Univ Nebraska, Dept Surg, Omaha, NE 68182 USA

[9] Univ New Mexico, Dept Surg, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

[10] Univ Minnesota, Dept Surg, Box 242 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[11] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Surg, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA

[12] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Surg, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[13] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Surg, Nashville, TN 37240 USA

[14] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA

[15] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

来源：

SURGERY | 2019年 / 166卷 / 05期

关键词：

FACULTY; PACKAGE; BIAS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.surg.2019.06.006

中图分类号：

R61 [外科手术学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Background: Despite an increasing number of women in the field of surgery, bias regarding cognitive or technical ability may continue to affect the experience of female trainees differently than their male counterparts. This study examines the differences in the degree of operative autonomy given to female compared with male general surgery trainees. Methods: A smartphone app was used to collect evaluations of operative autonomy measured using the 4-point Zwisch scale, which describes defined steps in the progression from novice ("show and tell") to autonomous surgeon ("supervision only"). Differences in autonomy between male and female residents were compared using hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 412 residents and 524 faculty from 14 general surgery training programs evaluated 8,900 cases over a 9-month period. Female residents received less autonomy from faculty than did male residents overall (P < .001). Resident level of training and case complexity were the strongest predictors of autonomy. Even after controlling for potential confounding factors, including level of training, intrinsic procedural difficulty, patient-related case complexity, faculty sex, and training program environment, female residents still received less operative autonomy than their male counterparts. The greatest discrepancy was in the fourth year of training. Conclusion: There is a sex-based difference in the autonomy granted to general surgery trainees. This gender gap may affect female residents' experience in training and possibly their preparation for practice. Strategies need to be developed to help faculty and residents work together to overcome this gender gap. (C) 2019 Elsevier inc. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：738 / 743

页数：6

共 23 条

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