机构:
Univ Alabama Birmingham, Med Sch Birmingham, Dept Anesthesiol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USAUniv Alabama Birmingham, Med Sch Birmingham, Dept Anesthesiol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA
Mandabach, MG
[1
]
机构:
[1] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Med Sch Birmingham, Dept Anesthesiol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA
The very early development of spinal anesthesia is reviewed, beginning with J. Leonard Coming's experience in New York in 1885. August Bier's first spinal anesthetic in Germany in 1899 is explored in depth, as are the contributions of the American physicians Rudolph Matas, F. Dudley Tate and Guido E. Caglieri. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.