A Comparative Study of Popular Concrete Mix Design Methods from Qualitative and Cost-Effective Point of View for Extreme Environment

The various methods, developed for concrete mix design, are not universal because design mixes are specific to regional climate, local materials, and exposure. The new-generation mix design method should be developed based on the performance criteria. The concrete strength obtained from the designed concrete mix and minimum cement content should not be considered the only parameter for suitability of concrete mix for harsh environment region. The durability and quality parameters in a cost-effective way should be included into the mix design methods for extreme climate. The strength and relative proportion of ingredient should be given consideration for the concrete coherent mix. This paper presents the basic principles and comparative study of some popular concrete mix design methods namely fineness modulus method, ACI mix design method, and DOE method from qualitative and cost-effective point of view. It is clear from the study that the mix design methods need some adjustment in their basic design parameters for quality and cost-effectiveness. The durability indicators, in terms of denseness indicator, i.e., mix density and fine aggregate-to-total aggregate ratio, quality indicator, i.e., total aggregate-to-cement and fine aggregate-to-cement ratio, and other cementing material/mineral admixtures in addition to minimum cement content are suggested for severe environment. It is anticipated that with detailed experimental investigation on various suggested design factors focusing more on local challenges, present study will pave the way for the development of performance-based extreme environment design mix principles.