Spatiotemporal patterns of baseflow metrics for basins draining the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada

被引:14
作者
Buttle, J. M. [1 ]
Greenwood, W. J. [2 ]
Gerber, R. E. [3 ]
机构
[1] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
[2] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
[3] York Peel Durham Toronto Conservat Author Moraine, Oak Ridges Moraine Hydrogeol Program, Downsview, ON, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
FLOW; RECHARGE; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; SEPARATION; STREAMS; TRENDS;
D O I
10.1080/07011784.2014.985511
中图分类号
TV21 [水资源调查与水利规划];
学科分类号
081501 ;
摘要
The Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a key hydrogeologic feature in southern Ontario, supplying potable water along with important aquatic ecosystem services. Stream baseflow is a useful indicator of groundwater discharge to streams on the ORM and gives insight into the regional hydrogeologic system. This study examines how climatic and basin attributes explain spatiotemporal patterns in baseflow metrics for streams draining the ORM. Baseflow was separated from streamflow using an automated digital filter, and water-year baseflow and baseflow as a fraction of precipitation and total streamflow (baseflow index, BFI) were determined. Much of the variability in baseflow metrics was explained by such characteristics as water-year precipitation, mean basin slope, spatial extent of outcrops of permeable sands and gravels, and forest and urban cover. Identified thresholds for basins with above- or below-average baseflow and BFI could serve as a screening tool in resource management decisions on the ORM. Precipitation has increased for many basins in the latter part of the twentieth and early part of the twenty-first century, often accompanied by greater baseflow. The rate of baseflow increase was related to the spatial extent of sand and gravel outcrops, implying a nonuniform response of baseflow to rising precipitation for basins across the ORM. Although baseflow from these basins may continue to increase under the wetter climate predicted for southern Ontario in the twenty-first century, such forecasts must consider the role of land-use change (e.g. forest expansion, urban development) in altering the partitioning of precipitation between direct runoff and baseflow contributions to streamflow. La moraine Oak Ridges (ORM) est une caracteristique hydrogeologique importante dans le sud de l'Ontario fournissant en eau potable et delivrant de nombreux services pour l'ecosysteme aquatique. Le debit de base des cours d'eau est un indicateur important de l'ecoulement des eaux souterraines dans l'ORM et donne un apercu du systeme hydrogeologique regional. Cette etude examine l'influence des caracteristiques climatiques et les proprietes du bassin versant sur les variations spatio-temporelles des debits de base des cours d'eau drainants l'ORM. Le debit de base a ete separe du debit d'eau a l'aide d'un filtre numerique automatise alors que le debit de base eau annuel, le debit de base sous forme de precipitation et le debit total (debit de base indice, BFI) ont ete determines experimentalement. Une grande partie de la variabilite des mesures de debit de base s'expliquait par les precipitations annuelles, la pente moyenne du bassin, l'etendue spatiale des affleurements de couches permeables de sable et gravier, et du couvert forestier et urbain. Les seuils identifies pour les bassins avec debit de base superieur ou inferieur au debit de base moyen et BFI pourraient servir d'outil de depistage dans les decisions de gestion des ressources pour l'ORM. Au cours des dernieres decennies, les precipitations ont augmente dans de nombreux bassins versants et elles ont souvent ete accompagnees par de grands debits de base. Les taux d'augmentation du debit de base etaient associes a l'etendue spatiale des affleurements de sable et de gravier, impliquant une reponse non uniforme du debit de base vers la hausse des precipitations pour les bassins a travers l'ORM. Bien que le debit de base de ces bassins pourrait continuer a augmenter avec un climat plus humide comme predit pour le sud de l'Ontario au vingt-et-unieme siecle, les previsions de debit de base devraient considerer le role du changement d'affectation des terres telle que l'expansion des forets et le developpement urbain, et modifier le cloisonnement des precipitations entre ruissellement direct et contribution du debit de base au debit d'eau.
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页码:3 / 22
页数:20
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