Familial Thoracic Aortic Dissection

Background This case report details familial aortic dissection in 2 second-degree blood relatives who experienced sudden aortic dissections. One patient underwent emergency computed tomography angiography (CTA) and the other underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). These imaging examinations were instrumental in revealing each patient's condition. One patient died of dissection rupture while being prepped for surgery. The other patient underwent surgery, recovered, and undergoes continual monitoring for the condition. Discussion A positive family history of aortic dissection should be considered in patients presenting with aortic emergencies. Many genes can contribute to this condition, with most genes relating to smooth muscle and connective tissue disorders. Imaging studies for evaluating and monitoring aortic dissection include transesophageal echocardiography, CTA, and MRA. Surgical treatment is possible for aortic dissection, with the goals being to stabilize the dissection and reduce the possibility of rupture. Conclusion The mortality rate for aortic dissection is high, with the main cause of death being dissection rupture. Lifelong monitoring of survivors and first-degree relatives is recommended.