Root Microbiome Assemblage is Modulated by Plant Host Factors

In recent years, the term plant microbiome inhabiting the root interior of healthy plants, as well as the rhizosphere, has received substantial attention, since it influences nutrient availability, plant growth promotion and disease suppression. The community structure and diversity of plant-associated microbiome is well characterized in modern systems such as Arobidopsis, maize and rice using deep rRNA gene sequencing techniques. Increasing evidence indicates that composition of root exudates secreted by host plants can shape the soil microbiome. The molecular communication fluctuates according to the plant genotype, plant development stage, biotic/abiotic stress, proximity to neighbouring species, management techniques and many other factors which may shape the rhizospheric microbiome. Plants secretes blends of organic compounds that are differentially produced at distinct stages of development to help orchestrate rhizosphere microbiome assemblage. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that govern selection and activity of microbial communities by plant roots will provide new opportunities to increase crop production. Hence, this chapter focuses mainly on existing knowledge based on the root microbiome, its functional importance and potential influence of host plant to the establishment of its rhizospheric associates.