Recent advances in modification strategies of pre- and post-electrospinning of nanofiber scaffolds in tissue engineering

Electrospinning tends to be a promising approach to recapitulate biomimetic constructs with fibrous nature. However, many nanofibers show poor biological interactions with cells and tissues. Thus, several strategies have been applied to modify the fibers' surface in a way to provide a pleasant microenvironment for cell attachment and proliferation, as well as integrated with the neighboring tissue. The modification in turn will involve the mitigation of tissue immunological response, which often occurs against external implanted materials. This review will make explicit the surface modification and grafting methods, before and/or after electrospinning, through looking over the previous decade literature in tissue engineering applications.