Comparison of iron chelators used alone or in combination with phlebotomy in common mynahs (Acridotheres tristis) with experimental iron storage disease

To compare the therapeutic effects of iron chelators used alone or in combination with phlebotomy on iron storage disease (ISD), 66 healthy common mynahs (Acridotheres tristis) were fed an iron-loading diet (3000 ppm) for 30 days. After confirmation of ISD, the birds were randomly divided into four treatment groups; DFO: deferoxamine (100 mg/kg SC q24 h), DFP: deferiprone (oral, 75 mg/kg), DFO + F: deferoxamine (100 mg/kg SC q24 h) with phlebotomy, and DFP + F: deferiprone (oral, 75 mg/kg) with phlebotomy. In phlebotomy-treated groups, blood sampling (1% BW) was performed weekly. At 1 and 2 months after treatments, seven birds from each group were euthanized and liver iron, copper, and zinc were analysed by ICP-OES assay. After 1 month, in all treatments, the liver amount of iron, copper, and zinc was reduced (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between groups. In the second month, the amount of liver iron, copper, and zinc decreased more in all groups, but this change was insignificant except in the DFP + F group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that all therapeutic protocols after 1 month effectively reduce the liver iron and there is no need to continue treatment. Otherwise, it may lead to iron deficiency, especially in birds treated with DFP + P. Since deferiprone, as an inexpensive oral chelator, effectively reduces liver iron levels without causing stress in the birds, it can be recommended as a more appropriate method for the treatment of mynahs with ISD. However, further clinical studies are needed to define the most effective treatment.