Human-Swarm-Teaming Transparency and Trust Architecture

Transparency is a widely used but poorly defined term within the explainable artificial intelligence literature. This is due, in part, to the lack of an agreed definition and the overlap between the connected - sometimes used synonymously - concepts of interpretability and explainability. We assert that transparency is the overarching concept, with the tenets of interpretability, explainability, and predictability subordinate. We draw on a portfolio of definitions for each of these distinct concepts to propose a human-swarm-teaming transparency and trust architecture (HST3-Architecture). The architecture reinforces transparency as a key contributor towards situation awareness, and consequently as an enabler for effective trustworthy human-swarm teaming (HST).