Health-related quality of life and fall risk associated with age-related body composition changes; sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity

Background: Sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity are various features of the ageing process that can cause important health issues. The present study was undertaken to investigate the interrelationship between those body composition changes, including their clinical components and the quality-of-life variables. Methods: A total of 423 individuals aged 65 years or older was included in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. Body composition parameters were measured with a bioelectrical impedance analyser, and Turkish population-based cut-off points were preferred for diagnosis of sarcopenia. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed on all patients. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify important factors for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenic, obese and sarcopenic obese subjects was 14%, 35% and 11% respectively. The lowest mean gait speed and hand grip strength values were seen in the sarcopenic obese group (0.6 +/- 0.3 m/s and 19.7 +/- 9.8 kg respectively). Sarcopenic obese participants were associated with the highest rate for fall risk. The scores for domains of health-related quality of life were worse in both obesity and sarcopenic obesity when compared to others. Body mass index (BMI), number of drugs used, total body fat ratio and geriatric depression scale-short form scores were negatively correlated with all dimensions of SF-36 quality-of-life scale. Conclusions: Sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity are associated with many negative health outcomes, such as high fall risk and low health-related quality of life in geriatric population.