Rheumatic Manifestations in Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a rare disease, which mostly results from pituitary overproduction of growth hormone (GH) followed by uncontrolled release of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The latter induces organ damage and metabolic disturbances including organomegaly, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in acromegaly patients. Individuals also frequently suffer from rheumatic disorders including large-joint disease, spinal affection and carpal tunnel syndrome. The most important therapeutic measure is to normalise GH/IGF-1 levels. Nevertheless, some rheumatic manifestations may not necessarily resolve since joint and spine affection are often irreversible in nature.