Issues in university governance: More "professional" and less academic

The pressures for efficiency and the achievement of performance goals are encouraging college and university presidents to focus more on the management of their institutions and less on the more collegial processes of academic decision making. Presidents are being held more accountable to external constituencies, particularly the public officials and business leaders involved in hiring them and the foundations and businesses that supplement their salaries and benefits, and, therefore, feel less accountable to the faculty and other internal constituencies To increase efficiency and meet goals. presidents are increasingly hiring professional administrators without academic experience, who feel more accountable to their administrative superiors and less accountable to faculty students', and others within the focus on manager a values is also filtering down to academic departments and nonacademic offices The net effect is that the faculty role in university. governance is decreasing and may be extinguished if current trends continue.