Single-Ended Traveling Wave Based Fault Location on Two Terminal Transmission Lines

A single-ended traveling wave (TW) based fault location algorithm has been presented in this paper. The distance of the fault is determined using the time difference between the first two consecutive alpha modes of the current TWs observed at one end of the line. To apply the TW principle to locate ground faults the faulted half of the line must be identified and for this purpose the impedance based technique is applied. The fundamental components of the voltage and current signals for impedance calculation are extracted using Fourier series. The proposed algorithm which combines the impedance based method with the TW based fault location has been tested with different types of faults, different fault resistance values and different fault inception angles using ATP/EMTP simulations.