Bond Integrity of Titanium Surface to Resin Cement After Conditioning with Different Photobiomodulataion Therapy (PBT)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of interfacial bonding between resin cement and titanium alloy conditioned with different Photobiomodulataion Therapy (PBT) in comparison with conventional regimes. Seventy-five samples of titanium bar were segmented polished; and based on conditioning regime divided into five groups (15 each specimens). Group 1: No treatment (control), Group 2: Sand blasting with 120 mu m Al2O3, Group 3: Er,Cr:YSGG (ECL), Group 4: Er:YAG laser (EYL), Group 5: Nd:YAG laser (NYL). After different conditioning regimes, resin cement was mixed and applied. All specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles and positioned on universal testing machine for shear bond strength testing. Modes of failure was assessed by a single examiner using stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. Three pairs of specimens in each group were sputter coated and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken at 1000x magnification using 20 Kv. The highest SBS values were observed in group 2 (14.25 +/- 2.29 MPa) and the lowest bond values were displayed in group 1 (6.98 +/- 0.59 MPa). Titanium alloy abutments conditioned with different laser prototypes ECL (11.22 +/- 1.40 MPa), EYL (9.29 +/- 1.22 MPa) and NYL (9.12 +/- 1.84 MPa) exhibited comparable SBS (p > 0.05). Adhesive failures were primarily dominant among all experimental groups. Photo-biomodulation in the form of ECL lasers has the potential to be used as a supplement to sandblasting procedure in conditioning of cement retained titanium alloy implant abutments.