Influence of Pistachios on Performance and Exercise-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Immune Dysfunction, and Metabolite Shifts in Cyclists: A Randomized, Crossover Trial

被引：53

作者：

Nieman, David C. ^{[1
]}

Scherr, Johannes ^{[2
]}

Luo, Beibei ^{[3
]}

Meaney, Mary Pat ^{[1
]}

Dreau, Didier ^{[4
,5
]}

Sha, Wei ^{[6
]}

Dew, Dustin A. ^{[1
]}

Henson, Dru A. ^{[7
]}

Pappan, Kirk L. ^{[8
]}

机构：

[1] Appalachian State Univ, Human Performance Lab, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA

[2] Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Dept Prevent & Sports Med, D-80290 Munich, Germany

[3] Second Mil Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China

[4] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte Res Inst, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA

[5] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA

[6] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Bioinformat Serv Div, Kannapolis, NC USA

[7] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Immunol Lab, Boone, NC 28608 USA

[8] Metabolon Inc, Durham, NC USA

来源：

PLOS ONE | 2014年 / 9卷 / 11期

关键词：

LINOLEIC-ACID; METABOLOMICS; PLASMA; QUANTIFICATION; MYOINOSITOL; RAFFINOSE; RESPONSES;

D O I：

10.1371/journal.pone.0113725

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Objectives: Pistachio nut ingestion (3 oz./d, two weeks) was tested for effects on exercise performance and 21-h postexercise recovery from inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and metabolite shifts. Methods: Using a randomized, crossover approach, cyclists (N = 19) engaged in two 75-km time trials after 2-weeks pistachio or no pistachio supplementation, with a 2-week washout period. Subjects came to the lab in an overnight fasted state, and ingested water only or 3 oz. pistachios with water before and during exercise. Blood samples were collected 45 min pre-exercise, and immediately post-, 1.5-h post-, and 21-h post-exercise, and analyzed for plasma cytokines, Creactive protein (CRP), F-2-isoprostanes (F-2-IsoP), granulocyte phagocytosis (GPHAG) and oxidative burst activity (GOBA), and shifts in metabolites. Results: Performance time for the 75-km time trial was 4.8% slower under pistachio conditions (2.846 +/- 0.11 and 2.716 +/- 0.07 h, respectively, P = 0.034). Significant time effects were shown for plasma cytokines, CRP, F-2-IsoP, GPHAG, and GOBA, with few group differences. Metabolomics analysis revealed 423 detectable compounds of known identity, with significant interaction effects for 19 metabolites, especially raffinose, (12Z)-9,10-Dihydroxyoctadec-12-enoate (9,10-DiHOME), and sucrose. Dietary intake of raffinose was 2.196 +/- 0.15 and 0.356 +/- 0.08 mg/d during the pistachio and no pistachio periods, and metabolomics revealed that colon raffinose and sucrose translocated to the circulation during exercise due to increased gut permeability. The post-exercise increase in plasma raffinose correlated significantly with 9,10-DiHOME and other oxidative stress metabolites. Conclusions: In summary, 2-weeks pistachio nut ingestion was associated with reduced 75-km cycling time trial performance and increased post-exercise plasma levels of raffinose, sucrose, and metabolites related to leukotoxic effects and oxidative stress.

引用

页数：12