Additive effects of nurse and facilitated plants on ecosystem functions

被引:30
作者
Antonio Navarro-Cano, Jose [1 ]
Horner, Bethanie [1 ,2 ]
Goberna, Marta [1 ,3 ]
Verdu, Miguel [1 ]
机构
[1] Ctr Invest Desertificac CSIC UVEG GV, Dept Plant Ecol, Valencia, Spain
[2] Sch Biol Sci, Portsmouth, Hants, England
[3] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria INIA, Dept Environm & Agron, Madrid, Spain
关键词
leaf litter; mine tailing; nutrient cycling; organic matter decomposition; phylogenetic diversity; plant traits; root biomass; soil microbes; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; NICHE; DECOMPOSITION; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; TRAITS; LEAF;
D O I
10.1111/1365-2745.13224
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Nurse plants drive the assembly of facilitated communities and commonly promote plant-soil feedbacks, and are thus recognized as key engineers in abiotically stressful ecosystems. The literature neglects; however, the role of the communities which benefit from the presence of the nurse as contributors to soil ecosystem functions. We hypothesized that the nurse and its beneficiaries synergistically enhance essential ecosystem functions mediated by soil microbiota. To track how plant-plant facilitation impacts plant-soil feedbacks, we selected three nurse species in semi-arid mine tailings and defined three microsites (open space, nurse canopy and nurse + facilitated canopy). In each microsite, we quantified 18 abiotic and biotic variables associated with four functions: reduction in climatic stress, reduction in edaphic stress, soil fertility and soil microbial productivity (decomposition and nutrient cycling). Litter biomass increased from open spaces to the microsite beneath the nurses, and further beneath the nurses and their beneficiaries. Litter biomass was a good predictor of both the reduction in climatic stress and increase in edaphic stress (likely owing to metal bioaccumulation). We attributed increments in soil organics and heterotrophic respiration beneath the nurses and their beneficiaries, compared to nurses alone, to biomass effects through increased litter deposition. Variation in fertility and microbial productivity among microsites shaped by the nurses and their facilitated communities was attributed to both diversity and biomass effects. In particular, fertility was promoted beneath phenotypically diverse facilitated communities, as inferred from ten above- and below-ground traits. However, microbial productivity increased at low levels of root biomass likely due to reduced plant-microbe competition for nutrients.Synthesis. Our results show that facilitated plant communities sheltered by nurse species relieve local abiotic stress and promote plant-microbe interactions, both through biomass and biodiversity effects. These observations shift the conception of facilitated species from simple beneficiaries of the nurse's effects to co-drivers of essential ecosystem functions. Resumen Las plantas nodriza actuan como especies clave ensamblando la comunidad vegetal y promoviendo las interacciones planta-suelo en ecosistemas de alto estres gobernados por facilitacion. Sin embargo, habitualmente se ignora el papel adicional que la comunidad de especies facilitadas puede ejercer sobre las funciones ecosistemicas del suelo. En este trabajo hipotetizamos que la comunidad de plantas facilitadas contribuye sinergicamente con la nodriza a la mejora de funciones ecosistemicas mediadas por la microbiota edafica. Para evaluar como la facilitacion entre plantas promueve las interacciones planta-suelo seleccionamos tres nodrizas en depositos mineros con vegetacion parcheada en ambientes semiaridos y definimos tres micrositios (claro, copa bajo nodriza y copa bajo nodriza con comunidad de facilitadas). Posteriormente, cuantificamos en dichos micrositios 18 variables abioticas y bioticas relacionadas con cuatro funciones principales: reduccion del estres climatico, reduccion del estres edafico, fertilidad edafica y productividad microbiana (descomposicion y ciclado de nutrientes). La biomasa de hojarasca aumento en el sentido claro < nodriza <nodriza con facilitadas, y fue un buen predictor de la reduccion del estres climatico, aunque incremento la concentracion edafica de algunos metales pesados. Observamos un incremento de la fertilidad y de la respiracion heterotrofica en el micrositio nodriza con facilitadas con respecto a la nodriza, que atribuimos a un efecto del aumento en biomasa (biomass effect) promovido por una mayor deposicion de hojarasca. La variabilidad en la fertilidad y productividad microbiana bajo la nodriza con facilitadas la atribuimos tanto a un efecto de la variacion en biomasa como en diversidad (diversity effect). En particular, la fertilidad se incremento en comunidades de facilitadas mas diversas fenotipicamente (fenotipo medido a partir de 10 rasgos aereos y subterraneos). Por el contrario, la productividad microbiana aumento en micrositios nodriza + facilitada con una menor biomasa de raices, probablemente debido a una menor competencia planta-microorganismo por los nutrientes.Sintesis. Nuestros resultados cambian la concepcion de las especies facilitadas como meras beneficiarias de la presencia de una nodriza, para atribuirles un papel como promotoras de funciones ecosistemicas esenciales, mediadas por los efectos de la diversidad y biomasa sobre el estres abiotico y las interacciones con la microbiota edafica.
引用
收藏
页码:2587 / 2597
页数:11
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