Challenges for large-scale Local Electricity Market implementation reviewed from the stakeholder perspective

Research simulations and real-life pilots tested many different Local Electricity Market (LEM) applications and methods and have demonstrated that LEMs can solve problems in the distribution grid caused by the energy transition while allowing broader market participation. Significant progress on LEM development has been made, but challenges could nonetheless exist between LEM research and large-scale implementation. Simulations and pilots occur in controlled environments and can, therefore, ignore LEM stakeholder requirements, making it likely that there are still challenges between LEM research and large-scale implementation. It is, therefore, essential to look at challenges between LEM research and implementation from the stakeholder's perspective while considering all requirements. This study aims to find the existing challenges between LEM research and large-scale implementation by first determining the stakeholders of LEMs and their requirements for LEM implementation. Next, using these requirements to find state-of-the-art literature on LEMs to create an overview of these studies. Finally, to find existing challenges between LEM research and implementation, the LEMs in the overview are analyzed and compared to the stakeholder requirements and power system and market aspects four separate times. The necessity of using a local energy market framework with a clearly defined market system, the lack of clear responsibilities for and fairness of subsequent settlement of deviations, the absence of consideration for data privacy and the reduced LEM effectiveness due to human decisions were determined to be challenges that currently stand between LEM research and large-scale LEM implementation.