Hmong American Adolescents' Perceptions of Ethnic Socialization Practices

Guided by an ecological framework, this study explored ethnic socialization practices from the perspective of Southeast Asian American adolescents. Defined as a multidimensional construct that is conceptually distinct from racial socialization, ethnic socialization involves parents' communication to children about their ethnic heritage. The objectives were to identify different ethnic socialization practices, present how frequently they were mentioned by the sample, and provide quotes that reflect the voices of 23 Hmong American adolescents. Based on a content analysis of open-ended interview questions, ten different ethnic socialization practices were identified. The most frequently mentioned practices of ethnic socialization were participating in cultural events, sharing history, preparing traditional foods, speaking the language, and wearing traditional clothes. The adolescents also mentioned strengthening family ties, marriage preparation, religious participation, emphasizing ethnic pride, and expressing high expectations.