Clinical determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in individuals with schizophrenia

Introduction: Modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) have ameliorative effects on commonly reported health conditions in schizophrenia like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Similarly, reduction in sedentary behaviour (SB) promotes better physical health. However, engaging individuals with schizophrenia in PA and less SB can be challenging because of symptoms of schizophrenia. The aims of the present study are (i) to examine the profiles of PA and SB in individuals with schizophrenia; and (ii) to identify their respective clinical determinants. Method: 157 individuals with schizophrenia were recruited. PA and SB were examined via the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Potential clinical predictors of PA and SB were identified via univariate regression analyses and subsequently included in the final multiple regression models for PA and SB respectively. Results: 63.7% met the WHO PA guidelines. Work-related activity was the largest domain specific contribution towards PA. Mean duration of SB was approximately 9h and about 57.3% reported at least 8h or more of SB daily. Positive symptom was associated with engagement in PA and reduced duration of SB. Negative symptom was associated with greater SB. Conclusion: With emerging evidence of deleterious health effects of SB independent of PA, it is important to monitor SB in individuals with schizophrenia, particularly those presenting with negative symptoms. While the lack of treatment response for negative symptoms remains a challenge, effort should be made to reduce duration of SB.