The emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the epigenetic regulation of pediatric cancers

被引:17
作者
Pathania, Anup S. [1 ,2 ]
Prathipati, Philip [3 ]
Pandey, Manoj K. [4 ]
Byrareddy, Siddappa N. [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Coulter, Don W. [6 ]
Gupta, Subash C. [7 ]
Challagundla, Kishore B. [1 ,2 ,8 ,9 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
[2] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Fred & Pamela Buffett Canc Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
[3] Natl Inst Biomed Innovat Hlth & Nutr, Lab Bioinformat, Osaka, Japan
[4] Rowan Univ, Cooper Med Sch, Dept Biomed Sci, Camden, NJ 08103 USA
[5] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Neurosci, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
[6] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Hematol Oncol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
[7] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Sci, Dept Biochem, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
[8] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Childrens Hlth Res Inst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
[9] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Childrens Hlth Res Inst, Fred & Pamela Buffet Canc Ctr, Nebraska Med Ctr 985870,Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
关键词
Epigenetics; microRNAs; piwiRNAs; Long-non coding RNAs; DNA methylation; Cancer; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; DNA METHYLATION; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; CPG METHYLATION; WIDE ANALYSIS; STEM-CELLS; CHROMATIN; PIWI; COMPLEX;
D O I
10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.015
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Epigenetics is a process that involves the regulation of gene expression without altering the sequence of DNA. Numerous studies have documented that epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in cell growth, differentiation, and cancer over the past decade. The well-known epigenetic modifications are either on DNA or at the histone proteins. Although several studies have focused on regulating gene expression by non-coding RNAs, the current understanding of their biological functions in various human diseases, particularly in cancers, is inadequate. Only about two percent of DNA is involved in coding the protein-coding genes, and leaving the rest 98 percent is non-coding and the scientific community regarded as junk or noise with no known purpose. Most noncoding RNAs are derived from such junk DNA and are known to be involved in various signaling pathways involving cancer initiation, progression, and the development of therapy resistance in many human cancer types. Recent studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, piwi-interactingRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, play a significant role in controlling epigenetic mechanism(s), indicating the potential effect of epigenetic modulation of non-coding RNAs on cancer progression. In this review article, we briefly presented epigenetic marks' characteristics, crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and microRNAs, piwiinteractingRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs to uncover the effect on the phenotype of pediatric cancers. Further, current knowledge on understanding the RNA epigenetics will help design novel therapeutics that target epigenetic regulatory networks to benefit cancer patients in the clinic.
引用
收藏
页码:227 / 241
页数:15
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