The global tropospheric ammonia distribution as seen in the 13-year AIRS measurement record

被引:120
作者
Warner, Juying X. [1 ]
Wei, Zigang [1 ]
Strow, L. Larrabee [2 ,3 ]
Dickerson, Russell R. [1 ]
Nowak, John B. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[2] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
[3] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
[4] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA
关键词
CARBON-MONOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION INVENTORY; SULFATE; NITRATE; AEROSOLS; NITROGEN; NH3; RETRIEVAL;
D O I
10.5194/acp-16-5467-2016
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Ammonia (NH3) plays an increasingly important role in the global biogeochemical cycle of reactive nitrogen as well as in aerosol formation and climate. We present extensive and nearly continuous global ammonia measurements made by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) from the Aqua satellite to identify and quantify major persistent and episodic sources as well as to characterize seasonality. We examine the 13-year period from September 2002 through August 2015 with a retrieval algorithm using an optimal estimation technique with a set of three, spatially and temporally uniform a priori profiles. Vertical profiles show good agreement (similar to aEuro-5-15aEuro-%) between AIRS NH3 and the in situ profiles from the winter 2013 DISCOVER-AQ (DISCOVER-Air Quality) field campaign in central California, despite the likely biases due to spatial resolution differences between the two instruments. The AIRS instrument captures the strongest consistent NH3 concentrations due to emissions from the anthropogenic (agricultural) source regions, such as South Asia (India/Pakistan), China, the United States (US), parts of Europe, Southeast (SE) Asia (Thailand/Myanmar/Laos), the central portion of South America, as well as Western and Northern Africa. These correspond primarily to irrigated croplands, as well as regions with heavy precipitation, with extensive animal feeding operations and fertilizer applications where a summer maximum and a secondary spring maximum are reliably observable. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) regular agricultural fires contribute to a spring maximum. Regions of strong episodic emissions include Russia and Alaska as well as parts of South America, Africa, and Indonesia. Biomass burning, especially wildfires, dominate these episodic NH3 high concentrations.
引用
收藏
页码:5467 / 5479
页数:13
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