Association of Grb2 Gads, and phospholipase C-γ1 with phosphorylated LAT tyrosine residues -: Effect of LAT tyrosine mutations on T cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling

The linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a critical adaptor molecule required for T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling and thymocyte development. Upon T cell activation, LAT becomes highly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, and Grb2, Gads, and phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 1 bind LAT via Src homology-2 domains. In LAT-deficient mutant Jurkat cells, TCR engagement fails to induce ERK activation, Ca2+ flux, and activation of AP-1 and NF-AT. We mapped the tyrosine residues in LAT responsible for interaction with these specific signaling molecules by expressing LAT mutants with tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations in LAT-deficient cells. Our results showed that three distal tyrosines, Tyr(171), Tyr(191), and Tyr(226), are responsible for Grb2-binding; Tyr171, and Tyr(191), but not Tyr(226) necessary for Gads binding. Mutation of Tyr(132) alone abolished PLC-gamma 1 binding. Mutation of all three distal tyrosines also abolished PLC-gamma 1 binding, suggesting there might be multiple binding sites for PLC-gamma 1. Mutation of Tyr(132) affected calcium flux and blocked Erk and NF-AT activation. Since Grb2 binding is not affected by this mutation, these results strongly suggest that PLC-gamma activation regulates Ras activation in these cells. Mutation of individual Grb2 binding sites had no functional effect, but mutation of two or three of these sites, in combination, also affected Erk. and NF-AT activation.