A framework resilient social-ecological system (SES) for groundwater governance and public and private rights

In groundwater management as a common pool, the participation of the beneficiaries faces the problem of free riding. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a framework that can minimize the water public tragedy and free riding. This article used studies from around the world to develop a governance framework for the socio-ecological and resilience system and express the function of element resilience within this system in protecting groundwater public and private rights. The elements of water management were divided into the three subsystems of the aquifer, the natural environment, and the community above the aquifer, and explained how the elements sustain water services through interacting with each other. Also determined how resilience characteristics of elements against control variables groundwater, challenge public and private rights and cause controversy. The discussions showed that the elements and resilience of the elements can be different and contradictory to each other and challenge the public and private rights of groundwater, which can be very effective in building trust and stakeholder participation in water management. The SES framework is used in planning and policy-making and determining public and private rights, strengthening the resilience of the system, and assessing the dynamics of the groundwater system.