CULTURAL KEYSTONE PLACES: CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION IN CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

"Sense of place" as an anthropological, geographical, and philosophical construct has been a focus of research in recent decades, particularly following the publication of Keith Basso's Wisdom Sits in Places. Simultaneously, the emergence of the concept of social-ecological systems and their value in the application of conservation and restoration practices has highlighted the unique benefits of recognizing the interconnectedness of social and ecological spheres. Real and metaphorical parallels identified between social and ecological systems in terms of "health," "resilience," and adaptive responses help to promote understanding and to communicate corresponding processes and traits across these systems. Extending from an earlier concept of "Cultural Keystone Species," and drawing on the recognition of "sense of place" as an important construct, here we propose the recognition of " Cultural Keystone Places" (CKPs): places of high cultural salience for a particular group of people at a particular time and critical to their identity and well-being. We define and characterize cultural keystone places, provide three case examples, and discuss the significance and potential applications of CKPs in biocultural conservation and renewal.