Recent progress in genetic and epigenetic research on type 2 diabetes

被引:132
作者
Kwak, Soo Heon [1 ]
Park, Kyong Soo [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, 101 Daehak Ro, Seoul 03080, South Korea
[2] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 151, South Korea
[3] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mol Med & Biopharmaceut Sci, Grad Sch Convergence Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea
关键词
GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; FASTING PLASMA-GLUCOSE; DNA METHYLATION; LOW-FREQUENCY; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; PROVIDES INSIGHTS; RISK LOCI; VARIANTS; METAANALYSIS; PROMOTER;
D O I
10.1038/emm.2016.7
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common complex metabolic disorder that has a strong genetic predisposition. During the past decade, progress in genetic association studies has enabled the identification of at least 75 independent genetic loci for T2DM, thus allowing a better understanding of the genetic architecture of T2DM. International collaborations and large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies have made these achievements possible. However, whether the identified common variants are causal is largely unknown. In addition, the detailed mechanism of how these genetic variants exert their effect on the pathogenesis of T2DM requires further investigation. Currently, there are ongoing large-scale sequencing studies to identify rare, functional variants for T2DM. Environmental factors also have a crucial role in the development of T2DM. These could modulate gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA regulation. There is evidence that epigenetic changes are important in the development of T2DM. Recent studies have identified several DNA methylation markers of T2DM from peripheral blood and pancreatic islets. In this review, we will briefly summarize the recent progress in the genetic and epigenetic research on T2DM and discuss how environmental factors, genetics and epigenetics can interact in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
引用
收藏
页码:e220 / e220
页数:8
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