Tai Chi with mental imagery theory improves soleus H-reflex and nerve conduction velocity in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objectives: Diabetes is a disease that leads to damage to the peripheral nerves which may eventually cause balance instability. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of Tai Chi (TC) training combined with mental imagery (MI) on soleus H-reflex and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the sural and superficial peroneal nerves in people with diabetes. Designs: Quasi-experimental, one group pretest-posttest design. Setting: Human Research Laboratory. Interventions: A series of Yang style of Tai Chi classes with mental imagery, one hour, two sessions per week for 8 weeks was done. Main outcome measures: The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Functional Reach Test (FRT), and One Leg Standing Test (OLS) were measured as functional data. Hoffman reflex (H-reflex), and sural and superficial peroneal NCV were measured as main outcomes. Results: All functional outcomes measures were significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.01). In the H-reflex, there was a significant increase in amplitude (mu V) after completing 8 weeks of TC exercise (p = 0.02). In the sural nerve, the velocity (p = 0.01), amplitude (p = 0.01), and latency (p = 0.01) were significantly improved between pre and post-test. In the superficial peroneal nerve, significant improvements were observed in (p = 0.02) and latency (p = 0.01), but not in amplitude (mu V) (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Combining TC intervention with MI theory showed an improvement in the H-reflex and NCV tests, which suggests improved balance and walking stability. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.