Nicotine improves ethanol-induced memory impairment: The role of dorsal hippocampal NMDA receptors

Aims: The current study was undertaken to determine the role of dorsal hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in nicotine's effect on impairment of memory by ethanol. Main methods: Adult male mice were cannulated in the CA1 regions of dorsal hippocampi and trained on a passive avoidance learning task for memory assessment. Key findings: We found that pre-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ethanol (0.5 and 1 g/kg) decreased memory retrieval when tested 24 h later. Pre-test administration of ethanol reversed the decrease in inhibitory avoidance response induced by pre-training ethanol. Similar to ethanol, pre-test administration of nicotine (0.125-0.75 mg/kg, s.c.) prevented impairment of memory by pre-training ethanol. In the animals that received ethanol (I g/kg, i.p) before training and tested following intra-CA1 administration of different doses of NMDA (0.0005-0.005 mu g/mouse), no significant change was observed in the retrieval latencies. Co-administration of the same doses of NMDA with an ineffective dose of nicotine (0.125 mg/kg,s.c.) significantly improved the memory retrieval and mimicked the effects of pre-test administration of a higher dose of nicotine. Pre-test intra-CA1 microinjection of MK-801 (0.25-1 mu g/mouse), which had no effect alone, in combination with an effective dose of nicotine (0.75 mg/kg, s.c.) prevented the improving effect of nicotine on memory impaired by pre-training ethanol. Moreover, intra-CA1 microinjection of MK-801 reversed the NMDA-induced potentiation of the nicotine response. Significance: The results suggest the importance of NMDA glutamate system(s) in the CA1 regions of dorsal hippocampus for improving the effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.