Benign Prostatic Obstruction Relief in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Enlargement Undergoing Endoscopic Surgical Procedures or Therapy with Alpha-Blockers: A Review of Urodynamic Studies

Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) contributes to the genesis of lower urinary tract symptoms as well as to pathologic remodeling of the lower and upper urinary tract in patients with benign prostate enlargement. Urodynamic studies demonstrate that both medical therapy with alpha-blockers (ABs) and endoscopic surgical procedures provide BPO relief. However, the magnitude of improvement is higher after surgery. Among ABs, silodosin is associated with the highest improvement of bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI). A complex relationship exists between BOOI improvement and variations of both maximum urinary flow (Q(max)) and detrusor pressure. When the reduction of BOOI is small, the improvement of Q(max) is clinically irrelevant and the BOOI is mainly influenced by a decrease of detrusor pressure. In contrast, when the magnitude of BOOI reduction is robust, a meaningful improvement of both detrusor pressure and urinary flow is evident. When clustering ABs according to their receptor pharmacologic selectivity and urodynamic efficacy, three subgroups can be identified, with silodosin being the only member of a subgroup characterized by the highest levels of BOOI improvement and alpha-1A/alpha-1B receptor affinity ratio.