A Terror Management Analysis of the Psychological Functions of Religion

被引:293
作者
Vail, Kenneth E., III [1 ]
Rothschild, Zachary K. [2 ]
Weise, Dave R. [3 ]
Solomon, Sheldon [4 ]
Pyszczynski, Tom [5 ]
Greenberg, Jeff [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
[2] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
[3] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
[4] Skidmore Coll, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA
[5] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA
关键词
terror management; religion; god; mortality; spiritual; supernatural; death; faith; sacred; meaning; MORTALITY SALIENCE; SYMBOLIC IMMORTALITY; DEATH; SELF; BELIEF; FUNDAMENTALISM; THREATEN; DISGUST; SUPPORT; DEFENSE;
D O I
10.1177/1088868309351165
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
From a terror management theory (TMT) perspective, religion serves to manage the potential terror engendered by the uniquely human awareness of death by affording a sense of psychological security and hope of immortality. Although secular beliefs can also serve a terror management function, religious beliefs are particularly well suited to mitigate death anxiety because they are all encompassing, rely on concepts that are not easily disconfirmed, and promise literal immortality. Research is reviewed demonstrating that mortality salience produces increased belief in afterlife, supernatural agency, human ascension from nature, and spiritual distinctions between mind and body. The social costs and benefits of religious beliefs are considered and compared to those of secular worldviews. The terror management functions of, and benefits and costs associated with, different types of religious orientation, such as intrinsic religiosity, quest, and religious fundamentalism, are then examined. Finally, the TMT analysis is compared to other accounts of religion.
引用
收藏
页码:84 / 94
页数:11
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