Rigorous formulation of oblique incidence scattering from dispersive media

We formulate a finite-difference time-domain approach to simulate electromagnetic wave scattering from scatterers embedded in layered dielectric or dispersive media. At the heart of our approach is a derivation of an equivalent one-dimensional wave-propagation equation for dispersive media characterized by a linear sum of Debye-, Drude-, and Lorentz-type poles. The derivation is followed by a detailed discussion of the simulation setup and numerical issues. The developed methodology is tested by comparison with analytical reflection and transmission coefficients for scattering from a slab, illustrating good convergence behavior. The case of scattering from a subwavelength slit in a dispersive thin film is explored to demonstrate the applicability of our formulation to time- and incident-angle-dependent analysis of surface waves generated by an obliquely incident plane wave.