Time variability and heterogeneity in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

被引：243

作者：

Hassig, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Altwegg, K. ^{[1
,3
]}

Balsiger, H. ^{[1
]}

Bar-Nun, A. ^{[4
]}

Berthelier, J. J. ^{[5
]}

Bieler, A. ^{[1
,6
]}

Bochsler, P. ^{[1
]}

Briois, C. ^{[7
]}

Calmonte, U. ^{[1
]}

Combi, M. ^{[6
]}

De Keyser, J. ^{[8
,9
]}

Eberhardt, P. ^{[1
]}

Fiethe, B. ^{[10
]}

Fuselier, S. A. ^{[2
]}

Galand, M. ^{[11
]}

Gasc, S. ^{[1
]}

Gombosi, T. I. ^{[6
]}

Hansen, K. C. ^{[6
]}

Jackel, A. ^{[1
]}

Keller, H. U. ^{[12
,14
]}

Kopp, E. ^{[1
]}

Korth, A. ^{[13
]}

Kuehrt, E. ^{[14
]}

Le Roy, L. ^{[3
]}

Mall, U. ^{[13
]}

Marty, B. ^{[14
,15
]}

Mousis, O. ^{[16
]}

Neefs, E. ^{[17
]}

Owen, T. ^{[18
]}

Reme, H. ^{[19
,20
]}

Rubin, M. ^{[1
]}

Semon, T. ^{[1
]}

Tornow, C. ^{[14
]}

Tzou, C. -Y. ^{[1
]}

Waite, J. H. ^{[2
]}

Wurz, P. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Bern, Phys Inst, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[2] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA

[3] Univ Bern, Ctr Space & Habitabil CSH, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[4] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geosci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel

[5] UPMC, Univ Versailles St,Univ Pierre & Marie Curie,UVSQ, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace IPSL, Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS,Lab Atmospheres,Observ Spa, F-75252 Paris 05, France

[6] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[7] Univ Orleans, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace LPC2E, CNRS, UMR 7328, F-45067 Orleans, France

[8] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium

[9] KULeuven, Ctr Plasma Astrophys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

[10] TU Braunschweig, Inst Comp & Network Engn IDA, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany

[11] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England

[12] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany

[13] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[14] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res Asteroids & Comets, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[15] Ctr Rech Petrograph & Geochim CRPG, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France

[16] Aix Marseille Univ, LAM Lab Astrophys Marseille, CNRS, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France

[17] BIRA IASB, Engn Div, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium

[18] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[19] Univ Paul Sabathier UPS, Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol IRAP, Observ Midipyrenees OMP, Toulouse, France

[20] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

来源：

SCIENCE | 2015年 / 347卷 / 6220期

基金：

欧洲研究理事会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

COMETS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aaa0276

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Comets contain the best-preserved material from the beginning of our planetary system. Their nuclei and comae composition reveal clues about physical and chemical conditions during the early solar system when comets formed. ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) onboard the Rosetta spacecraft has measured the coma composition of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with well-sampled time resolution per rotation. Measurements were made over many comet rotation periods and a wide range of latitudes. Thesemeasurements show large fluctuations in composition in a heterogeneous coma that has diurnal and possibly seasonal variations in the major outgassing species: water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. These results indicate a complex coma-nucleus relationship where seasonal variations may be driven by temperature differences just below the comet surface.

引用

页数：4

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