Ophthalmic lesions in a population of cold-stunned sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, Lepidochelys kempii, Caretta caretta)

Objective To document ocular lesions present in cold-stunned sea turtles and determine the impact of these lesions on their release. Animals All sea turtles (Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, and Lepidochelys kempii) presenting to rehabilitation centers in North Carolina over two cold stun seasons. Procedures Complete ophthalmic examination using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein stain, rebound tonometry, and occasionally binocular indirect funduscopy was performed within 1 week of presenting to the rehabilitation centers. A second examination was performed 2 weeks after the first examination in animals with ocular lesions and still present at the center. Results One hundred and sixty-four turtles (121 Chelonia mydas, 26 Lepidochelys kempii, 17 Caretta caretta) were evaluated over two cold stun seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). Ocular or periocular lesions were identified in 78 of 164 (47.5%) turtles examined with 37 of 164 (22.5%) having bilateral disease. The most common ocular lesion was superficial corneal ulceration, accounting for 21.3% of all lesions. Adnexal lesions were also common, while intraocular abnormalities were overall rare. Most resolved uneventfully. Though some blinding lesions were noted, these were not present bilaterally in any one turtle, and thus, ocular findings did not affect release. Conclusion Ocular lesions in cold-stunned sea turtles are common. Some of these lesions are potentially blinding or require appropriate care, so evaluation of cold-stunned turtles should include a complete ophthalmic examination.