Individual differences in aging and cognitive control modulate the neural indexes of context updating and maintenance during task switching

被引:69
作者
Adrover-Roig, Daniel [1 ]
Barcelo, Francisco [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Balearic Isl, Dept Psychol, IUNICS, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
关键词
Cognitive aging; Context updating; P300; Slow potentials; Task-switch costs; INFORMATION THEORETICAL APPROACH; ADULT AGE-DIFFERENCES; EXECUTIVE CONTROL; OLDER-ADULTS; SCALP DISTRIBUTION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; LIFE-SPAN; ATTENTION; SHIFT;
D O I
10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.012
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
This study aimed to explore the combined influence of age and cognitive control on the behavioural and electrophysiological indicators of local, restart and mixing costs. Two groups of middle-aged (49-60 y.o., N = 40) and older (61-80 y.o., N 40) adults were split according to their overall z-score in a composite of six neuropsychological measures of executive function. All participants performed a task-cueing version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) adapted for measuring event-related potentials, whereby tonal cues instructed to switch or repeat the task rule. A single-task condition with identical sensory and motor response demands was used to aid interpretation of behavioural and brain responses to cues and target events. Working memory updating of stimulus-response mappings, as putatively indexed by local switch costs and cue-locked P3 activity (350-460 msec post-cue onset), was preserved in both older and low control adults. In turn, low control adults showed larger restart costs and enhanced cue-locked P2 amplitudes (190-250 msec) in the task-switching condition only, suggesting lesser preparatory control in the presence of interference. Low control adults showed comparatively larger mixing costs and smaller cue-locked fronto-central slow negativities (500-700 msec), suggesting an inefficient online maintenance of tash-set information over time. In contrast, target-locked brain responses were mostly sensitive to age-related effects, with older adults showing two well-known effects: (1) an "anterior shift" in target P3 activity (350-460 msec), and (2) an attenuation of fronto-central slow negativities in single-task and task-switching conditions, respectively. The additive association found between age and cognitive control for different behavioural indexes of task-switch costs suggests a differential influence of these factors upon two successive information processing stages: individual differences in cognitive control mainly influenced the neural indexes of preparatory task-set activation and maintenance, whereas age-related effects influenced the neural indexes of target response selection and task execution. (C) 2009 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.
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页码:434 / 450
页数:17
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