Agonist regulation of human β2-adrenergic receptor mRNA stability occurs via a specific AU-rich element

Prolonged agonist stimulation of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors results in receptor down-regulation, which is closely associated with a reduction of the corresponding mRNA, an effect mediated in part by changes in mRNA stability. Transfection experiments with human beta(2)-adrenergic receptor cDNAs bearing or lacking the untranslated regions suggested that the essential agonist sensitivity of the mRNA resides within the 3'-untranslated region. The importance of this region was further confirmed in gel shift experiments; cytosolic preparations hom agonist-stimulated DDT1-MF2 smooth muscle cells caused a shift of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor mRNAs containing the 3'-untranslated region. Progressive 3'-terminal truncations of the receptor cDNA led to the identification of an AU-rich element at positions 329-337 of the 3'-untranslated region as the responsible cis-acting element. Substitution of this motif by cytosine residues almost completely abolished mRNA down-regulation and inhibited the formation of the RNA-protein complex. Even though the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor AU-rich element showed two U --> A transitions compared with the recently proposed AU-rich element consensus sequence, it revealed an almost identical destabilizing potency. Fusion of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor 3' untranslated region to the beta-globin coding sequence dramatically reduced the half-life of the chimeric transcript in an agonist-and cAMP-dependent manner. This suggests that the agonist-induced beta(2)-adrenergic receptor mRNA destabilization is regulated by cAMP-dependent RNA-binding protein(s) via a specific AU-rich element.